Developing a culture of evaluation and research

Increasingly, organisations are expected to demonstrate, and document, the differences their services are making for children, families and communities (McCoy, Rose, & Connolly, 2013; 2014). Evaluation and research helps to respond to this demand. Evidence gained through these activities helps to identify whether programs have achieved what was intended and enables organisations to be transparent and accountable. To develop effective evaluation and research functions, organisations needs a strong culture of evaluation and research; a culture in which evidence is deliberately sought in order to better implement and deliver programs. Without such a culture any efforts to build effective evaluation and research activities will be undermined (Mayne, 2010). This paper is a guide to developing a culture of evaluation and research. It reviews what an evaluation and research culture is, and explores the actions that can be taken to develop and sustain a culture of evaluation and research

Indigenous youth justice programs evaluation

In this report, four programs that were already being implemented by states and territories and identified by them under the National Indigenous Law & Justice Framework as promising practice in diversion are examined. Executive summary Diversion from the youth justice system is a critical goal for addressing the overrepresentation of Indigenous young people in the criminal justice system. In this report, four programs that were already being implemented by states and territories and identified by them under the National Indigenous Law & Justice Framework as promising practice in diversion are examined. The programs were evaluated, as part of a broader initiative, to determine whether and on what basis they represent good practice (ie are supported by evidence). State and territory governments nominated the programs for evaluation. The four programs sit at different points along a continuum, ranging from prevention (addressing known risk factors for offending behaviour, such as disengagement from family, school, community or culture), early intervention (with identified at-risk young people), diversion (diverting from court process—usually for first or second time offenders) and tertiary intervention (treatment to prevent recidivism): • Aboriginal Power Cup (South Australia)—a sports-based program for engaging Indigenous young people in education and providing positive role models (prevention). • Tiwi Islands Youth Development and Diversion Unit (Northern Territory)—a diversion program that engages Tiwi youth who are at risk of entering the criminal justice system in prevention activities, such as a youth justice conference, school, cultural activities, sport and recreation (early intervention and diversion). • Woorabinda Early Intervention Panel Coordination Service (Queensland)—a program to assess needs and make referrals for young Indigenous people and their families who are at risk or have offended and have complex needs (early intervention and diversion). • Aggression Replacement Training (Queensland)—a 10 week group cognitivebehavioural program to control anger and develop pro-social skills, delivered to Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth assessed as ‘at risk’ of offending or reoffending (early intervention and tertiary intervention with offenders to reduce risk of reoffending). For each program, the evaluation team developed a ‘program logic’, identifying the activities and goals of the program, and how it articulates within a broader framework of criminal justice prevention. This informed the design of the evaluation and the approach to collecting both qualitative data (from young people participating in the program, program staff, family, or other service providers/community members) and quantitative data to identify any effects of the program on individuals, or the broader community

Super Resolution of Remote Sensing Images Using Edge-Directed Radial Basis Functions

Edge-Directed Radial Basis Functions (EDRBF) are used to compute super resolution(SR) image from a given set of low resolution (LR) images differing in subpixel shifts. The algorithm is tested on remote sensing images and compared for accuracy with other well-known algorithms such as Iterative Back Projection (IBP), Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithm, interpolation of scattered points using Nearest Neighbor (NN) and Inversed Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation, and Radial Basis Functin(RBF) . The accuracy of SR depends on various factors besides the algorithm (i) number of subpixel shifted LR images (ii) accuracy with which the LR shifts are estimated by registration algorithms (iii) and the targeted spatial resolution of SR. In our studies, the accuracy of EDRBF is compared with other algorithms keeping these factors constant. The algorithm has two steps: i) registration of low resolution images and (ii) estimating the pixels in High Resolution (HR) grid using EDRBF. Experiments are conducted by simulating LR images from a input HR image with different sub-pixel shifts. The reconstructed SR image is compared with input HR image to measure the accuracy of the algorithm using sum of squared errors (SSE). The algorithm has outperformed all of the algorithms mentioned above. The algorithm is robust and is not overly sensitive to the registration inaccuracies

Estabilidad de fases y semidesorden magnético en óxido cúprico dopado con hierro

En este trabajo se han investigado propiedades magnéticas del óxido cúprico mediante el dopaje con 57Fe y mediciones de su campo magnético hiperfino utilizando espectroscopia Móssbauer, complementando estos estudios con otras técnicas. Estas fueron DRX, microscopías electrónicas de barrido y transmisión, EDAX, EXAFS y medidas de magnetización por SQUID. Se encontró un comportamiento de semi- desorden magnético que puede ser interpretado mediante un modelo que supone la existencia de una inclinación local del momento magnético asociado a los átomos de Fe. El sistema sufre dos tipos de transiciones magnéticas, una a 150 K relacionada a la temperatura de orden de la matriz CuO modificada por la presencia del Fe y otra entre 4.2 y 15 K vinculada al congelamiento total de los momentos del Fe según direcciones aleatorias. Para poder lograr el dopaje se siguieron diferentes métodos que brindaron resultados no satisfactorios, lo que unido a las contradicciones encontradas en los trabajos consultados, condujo a la necesidad de estudiar con detalle los rangos de estabilidad de las fases del sistema Cu-Fe-O. Se demostró así que los métodos convencionales de disolución en HNO3 o reacciones de estado sólido conducen a la formación de las fases estables del diagrama de equilibrio, como CuFe2O4 y CuFeO2. En este trabajo se utilizó por primera vez el molido mecánico en óxidos CuO y 0.25 mol.% de α-Fe2O3 para lograr la incorporación del dopante. Se obtuvo de esta manera, una solución sólida Cu1_xFexO con un rango de estabilidad térmica definido. Los resultados aquí presentados no permiten establecer si el estado de frustración que conduce a la inclinación local de espines es intrínseca del CuO, sugerida por otros autores, o bien es un estado inducido por la presencia del dopante. Se sugieren distintos caminos que podrían dilucidar las cuestiones pendientes.Tesis digitalizada en SEDICI gracias a la Biblioteca de Física de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (UNLP)Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Estabilidad de fases y semidesorden magnético en óxido cúprico dopado con hierro

En este trabajo se han investigado propiedades magnéticas del óxido cúprico mediante el dopaje con 57Fe y mediciones de su campo magnético hiperfino utilizando espectroscopia Móssbauer, complementando estos estudios con otras técnicas. Estas fueron DRX, microscopías electrónicas de barrido y transmisión, EDAX, EXAFS y medidas de magnetización por SQUID. Se encontró un comportamiento de semi- desorden magnético que puede ser interpretado mediante un modelo que supone la existencia de una inclinación local del momento magnético asociado a los átomos de Fe. El sistema sufre dos tipos de transiciones magnéticas, una a 150 K relacionada a la temperatura de orden de la matriz CuO modificada por la presencia del Fe y otra entre 4.2 y 15 K vinculada al congelamiento total de los momentos del Fe según direcciones aleatorias. Para poder lograr el dopaje se siguieron diferentes métodos que brindaron resultados no satisfactorios, lo que unido a las contradicciones encontradas en los trabajos consultados, condujo a la necesidad de estudiar con detalle los rangos de estabilidad de las fases del sistema Cu-Fe-O. Se demostró así que los métodos convencionales de disolución en HNO3 o reacciones de estado sólido conducen a la formación de las fases estables del diagrama de equilibrio, como CuFe2O4 y CuFeO2. En este trabajo se utilizó por primera vez el molido mecánico en óxidos CuO y 0.25 mol.% de α-Fe2O3 para lograr la incorporación del dopante. Se obtuvo de esta manera, una solución sólida Cu1_xFexO con un rango de estabilidad térmica definido. Los resultados aquí presentados no permiten establecer si el estado de frustración que conduce a la inclinación local de espines es intrínseca del CuO, sugerida por otros autores, o bien es un estado inducido por la presencia del dopante. Se sugieren distintos caminos que podrían dilucidar las cuestiones pendientes.Tesis digitalizada en SEDICI gracias a la Biblioteca de Física de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (UNLP)Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

High Resolution Image Reconstruction from Projection of Low Resolution Images DIffering in Subpixel Shifts

In this paper, we demonstrate a simple algorithm that projects low resolution (LR) images differing in subpixel shifts on a high resolution (HR) also called super resolution (SR) grid. The algorithm is very effective in accuracy as well as time efficiency. A number of spatial interpolation techniques using nearest neighbor, inverse-distance weighted averages, Radial Basis Functions (RBF) etc. used in projection yield comparable results. For best accuracy of reconstructing SR image by a factor of two requires four LR images differing in four independent subpixel shifts. The algorithm has two steps: i) registration of low resolution images and (ii) shifting the low resolution images to align with reference image and projecting them on high resolution grid based on the shifts of each low resolution image using different interpolation techniques. Experiments are conducted by simulating low resolution images by subpixel shifts and subsampling of original high resolution image and the reconstructing the high resolution images from the simulated low resolution images. The results of accuracy of reconstruction are compared by using mean squared error measure between original high resolution image and reconstructed image. The algorithm was tested on remote sensing images and found to outperform previously proposed techniques such as Iterative Back Projection algorithm (IBP), Maximum Likelihood (ML), and Maximum a posterior (MAP) algorithms. The algorithm is robust and is not overly sensitive to the registration inaccuracies

Gp130 cytokines exert differential patterns of crosstalk in adipocytes both in vitro and in vivo

Glycoprotein 130 (Gp130) cytokines are involved in the regulation of numerous biological processes, including hematopoiesis, immune response, inflammation, cardiovascular action, and neuronal survival. These cytokines share gp130 as a common signal transducer in their receptor complex and typically activate signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3. Studies have shown that several gp130 cytokines have differential effects on both adipogenesis and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Yet, the complex interactions of these cytokines in adipose tissue have not been studied. Gp130 cytokines are differentially regulated in multiple tissues due to the presence of additional receptor components that are required for signaling, including the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR). Previous studies from our laboratory highlighted the ability of specific gp130 cytokines to crosstalk in adipocytes that correlated with LIFR degradation. Crosstalk is defined as the ability of one cytokine to modulate the signaling of another cytokine. Our novel studies reveal that white adipose tissue is highly responsive to gp130 cytokines, and we provide the first evidence that these cytokines can exert inhibitory crosstalk in adipose tissue in vivo. Moreover, several gp130 cytokines that use the LIFR, including cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), LIF, and human oncostatin M (hOSM), can alter the subsequent signaling of other family members in adipocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Our data also show that murine OSM and neuropoietin do not crosstalk in the same manner as other gp130 cytokines, which likely results from their inability to activate the LIFR. Overall, we have observed distinctive patterns of crosstalk signaling by gp130 cytokines in adipocytes in vitro and in vivo and demonstrate the crosstalk is not dependent on new protein synthesis or extracellular-signal-regulated kinase activation. © 2011 The Obesity Society

Registration of Textured Remote Sensing Images Using Directional Gabor Frames

In this paper we propose to utilize a new concept of discrete directional Gabor frames for automatic image registration. The directional Gabor representations have been shown to provide more accurate feature extraction than directional wavelet transforms for images where texture is the dominant feature. Initial experimental results are presented here which indicate that discrete directional Gabor frames exhibit strong correlations, which indicates that they are likely to improve the existing image registration toolbox